What is sore throat?

A sore throat is normally a symptom of a viral or occasionally bacterial infection. It can be caused by the viruses responsible for colds and flu-like illnesses. Antibiotics cannot be used to treat a virus.

Sometimes a sore throat is caused by the bacteria Strepococcus pyogenes. This is sometimes called a ‘strep’ throat. If bacteria are the cause, you tend to become very unwell and your infection seems to get much worse

Your body will normally fight off the infection within a week without the need for medical treatment. But if the sore throat is caused by bacteria, you may benefit from antibiotics.

Pharyngitis

Pharyngitis is inflammation of the pharynx - the back of the throat. This can cause a sore throat, as well as scratchiness in the throat and difficulty swallowing. Pharyngitis is more common in the colder months.

Self-care of a sore throat

If you are looking after yourself, the tips below may help relieve the symptoms:

• Gargle with warm, salty water.
  
• Drink hot water with honey and lemon.
  
• It is important to stay well hydrated so drink plenty of water. If you have an existing medical condition, check with your doctor about how much water is right for you.
• Warm or iced drinks and ice blocks may be soothing.
• Avoid foods that cause pain when you swallow. Try eating soft foods such as yoghurt, soup or ice cream.
• Rest and avoid heavy activity until symptoms go away.
• Keep the room at a comfortable temperature.
• Smoking or breathing in other people’s smoke can make symptoms worse. Try to avoid being around people who are smoking. If you are a smoker, try to cut down or quit. For advice on quitting smoking, visit the Quit Now website.
• Find out more about self-care tips if you have a high temperature (fever).

See your doctor if:

• your sore throat becomes worse
• your sore throat does not improve after five days
• you are concerned.