Erectile dysfunction medicines
Key facts
- Erectile dysfunction (ED) medicines help males get and keep an erection.
- These medicines work by increasing blood flow to the penis.
- They are usually taken shortly before sex.
- Your doctor can do a health check and prescribe an ED medicine if suitable.
- Other ED treatment options include lifestyle changes, counselling, injections or medical devices.
What are erectile dysfunction medicines?
Erectile dysfunction (ED) medicines, also known as impotence medicines, are prescribed to help you get and keep an erection. These medicines can help improve male sexual performance.
If you have difficulties getting or keeping an erection, your doctor can do a health check and suggest appropriate treatment. ED medicines should only be used under medical guidance.
ED medicines are available in different forms, such as tablets or injections. They are usually taken shortly before sexual activity.
How do erectile dysfunction medicines work?
Erectile dysfunction (ED) medicines work by improving blood flow to your penis. This helps you to get and keep an erection.
The medicines that doctors most often prescribe for ED belong to a class called PDE5 inhibitors. They inhibit (reduce) the action of the PDE5 enzyme. This enzyme helps relax the blood vessels in your penis, and allow increased blood flow. A PDE5 inhibitor will only help you to get an erection if there is sexual stimulation.
What kind of erectile dysfunction medicines might I be prescribed?
There are different ED medicines available in Australia, and each work slightly differently.
The PDE5 inhibitors available in Australia are:
- avanafil (Spedra)
- vardenafil
- sildenafil (for example, Viagra)
- tadalafil (for example, Cialis)
Your doctor will prescribe the ED medicine that is right for you, and the dose you need.
Do I need a prescription for erectile dysfunction medicines?
In Australia, you need a prescription to get ED medicines. This means you must first see a healthcare professional, such as a doctor or a specialist. They will assess your condition and check if ED medicines are right for you. They will prescribe the appropriate medicine and dose based on your specific needs. Your doctor will also check to make sure that your medicine is working. They can adjust the dose if necessary.
Do not take PDE5 inhibitors if you use nitrates. These are often prescribed for heart problems like angina. Also avoid them if sexual exertion could put you at risk of harm or death.
Tell your doctor about all your medicines. This includes any sprays or tablets you use for chest pain. Do this before asking for medicines to treat ED.
What are the side effects or risks of erectile dysfunction medicines?
Like any medicine, all ED medicines have potential side effects.
Common side effects of PDE5 inhibitors include:
- headaches
- facial flushing
- nasal congestion
- indigestion or reflux
Usually, these side effects are mild and temporary. Sometimes you may have more severe side effects such as:
- vision changes
- priapism (a painful erection that won't go down even after sex)
- sudden hearing loss
- dizziness and loss of consciousness
- allergic reaction or anaphylaxis
If you are concerned by any side effects or have underlying health conditions, ask your doctor or pharmacist for advice.
When should I see my doctor?
If you are having problems getting an erection, speak to your doctor. Most people have occasional problems. If the problems continue or you are worried, see your doctor.
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Are there any alternatives to this medicine?
Besides PDE5 inhibitors, other treatments are available for ED.
If PDE5 inhibitor medicines are not suitable or effective for you, alprostadil (a medicine you take via injection), may be appropriate. Injections work quickly and can be self-administered 15 minutes before sexual activity.
Since erectile dysfunction is often linked to your general health, you can help to prevent ED by making lifestyle changes such as:
- regular exercise
- maintaining a healthy weight
- managing stress
- quitting smoking
Counselling or sex therapy may also help you address underlying psychological factors that are causing your erectile dysfunction.
If your ED is caused by a hormonal problem like low testosterone, your doctor will usually suggest treating that first before trying a PDE5 inhibitor.
Newer therapies, like platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections and acoustic shock wave therapy, have not yet been proven to cure ED. There is ongoing research into these and other alternatives. They are not currently recommended by doctors as effective and safe treatment options for ED.
Many people find devices like vacuum erection devices helpful in addressing ED. Vacuum erection devices are also known as penis pumps. They work by creating a low-pressure vacuum that draws blood into the penis causing an erection.
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Resources and support
Looking for a medicine? Search for specific generic or brand-name medicines and learn how to take them safely.
Read more on erectile dysfunction, what it is and how to prevent it.
If you or your partner is affected by ED visit the Healthy Male website for more information and resources.
Do you prefer to read in languages other than English?
True provides multilingual information on men's sexual and reproductive health.
Looking for information for Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people?
The Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet has sexual health information and resources.
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Last reviewed: February 2025
