Candida is usually found in the vagina and is harmless, but when it multiplies it can cause an irritation and swelling in the vagina and vulva. In most cases, thrush can be treated effectively.

Thrush is not a sexually transmitted infection (STI) because many people already have a small amount of candida in their bodies. In fact, the organism is actually more common in people who are not sexually active.

Thrush occurs in many areas of the body, but especially the vagina, anus and mouth. This article focuses on vaginal thrush. Thrush can cause vaginal irritation and a creamy white discharge, but up to 20% of women do not experience noticeable symptoms.

Vaginal thrush can affect women of any age, but is more common between the ages of around 15 years to 50 years old. It is unusual in girls before they have begun their periods, or in older women after the menopause.

Pregnancy and thrush

If you are pregnant and have thrush (or think you have thrush) you should see your doctor before starting any treatments.

Thrush is treatable during pregnancy, and it’s not uncommon for pregnant women to develop thrush, especially during the third trimester. However, some anti-thrush medicine is not advised for pregnant women. So you are recommended to visit your doctor.

Many babies also develop thrush once they are born. Thrush in babies can be easily treated. Mothers are advised to visit their doctor or ask their health visitor for advice.

About having sex

Although thrush is not an STI, sexual activity can worsen thrush and may be uncomfortable.

When to seek medical advice

Seek medical advice if:

• the treatment that you are using is not working
• you keep getting thrush despite treatment
• you start to feel unwell, particularly if you think you have a high temperature
• you have a weakened immune system