What is a diaphragm?

A diaphragm is a type of contraception (birth control) that's used to avoid getting pregnant. It's a piece of soft silicone in the shape of a dome.

When using a diaphragm, you put it into your vagina before having sex. It must cover your cervix (lower part of your womb). This prevents sperm from getting into your uterus (womb).

The diaphragm is held in place by your pelvic muscles. You don't need a doctor to insert it.

Speak to a doctor or nurse to learn how to put it in, and to check the diaphragm fits properly.

How does a diaphragm work?

During sex, a diaphragm stops sperm from going into your uterus. It forms a physical barrier between the sperm and egg. It's sometimes called a 'barrier method' of birth control.

Your diaphragm must stay in place for at least 6 hours after sex. This is to make sure the sperm in your vagina are dead before removal.

Do not leave your diaphragm in for more than 24 hours. It needs to be taken out and washed every 24 hours.

You can use the same diaphragm repeatedly. It can last up to 2 years if you look after it.

What types of diaphragm are available?

Caya is the only type of diaphragm in Australia. You can buy it online, from most pharmacies and from family planning clinics. Make sure you follow the instructions on how to use it.

You should also use the lactic acid gel (brand name Caya gel) that comes with the diaphragm. The gel should be placed on the dome of the diaphragm. Put 4mL (about a teaspoon) of gel on the side that will face your cervix (into your body).

Caya comes in only one size and fits about 8 out of 10 users.

Caya is not suitable if you have given birth less than 6 weeks ago or have a vaginal prolapse.

Speak to your doctor about other forms of birth control, if the diaphragm is not suitable for you.

How effective is the diaphragm as a contraceptive?

Diaphragms work well if they are put in place and used correctly. But they don't work as well as a contraceptive implant or an intrauterine device (IUD).

About 1 in 5 people using a diaphragm will get pregnant within 1 year of use.

When used with another barrier method, such as a condom, the diaphragm is better at preventing pregnancy.

What can make a diaphragm less effective at preventing pregnancy?

A diaphragm does not stop you from getting pregnant if it:

• is not used properly
• is not put in the correct place
• moves out of place during sex
• is damaged
• past its expiry date or over 2 years old

If you take your diaphragm out before 6 hours have passed after sex, there is a chance of getting pregnant.

Your diaphragm can break, tear, or develop tiny holes — which happens over time. You should check your diaphragm for damage before each use. If it feels sticky, the silicone is breaking down.

If you've had a problem when using a diaphragm and are worried, think about taking emergency contraception.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of diaphragms?

Some of the main advantages with diaphragms are that they:

• do not contain any hormones (and can be used if you are breastfeeding)
• only need to be used around the time of having sex
• can be used more than once
• are cost-effective
• can be used if you or your partner are allergic to latex
• can be bought without a prescription

The main disadvantages of diaphragms are that:

• they don't work as well as many other methods of birth control
• diaphragms can be difficult to put in
• there is a chance of placing it incorrectly
• putting them in and taking them out may be uncomfortable
• there is a greater chance of bladder infections
• they are not recommended for use during your period
• they won't protect you against sexually transmitted infections (STIs)

You should not use diaphragms if you have ever had toxic shock syndrome.

Resources and support

Family Planning Australia has more information about using a diaphragm.

Find out more about sexual health.

More information about conceptive choices is available here in English.

Read about diaphragms in languages other than English at Health Translations.

Yarning about contraception has more information about contraceptive options.

You can also call the healthdirect helpline on 1800 022 222 (known as NURSE-ON-CALL in Victoria). A registered nurse is available to speak with 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.