Intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD)
Key facts
- An intrauterine device (IUD) is a type of contraception (birth control).
- IUDs are small devices that go inside your uterus to stop you becoming pregnant.
- There are 2 types of IUD — the hormonal IUD and the copper IUD.
- IUDs work well and can last for 5 years or more.
- A trained doctor or nurse needs to put the IUD in place.
What is an intrauterine device (IUD)?
An intrauterine device (IUD) is a type of contraception (birth control).
IUDs are small devices that go inside your uterus to stop you getting pregnant. There are 2 types of IUD:
- the hormonal IUD
- the copper IUD
A trained doctor or nurse needs to put the IUD in place.
IUDs are also called long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs).
How does an IUD work to stop pregnancy?
IUDs are an effective way of preventing pregnancy.
The hormonal IUD
Hormonal IUDs are made of plastic and slowly release a progestogen hormone called levonorgestrel.
The hormonal IUD stops pregnancy by:
- thickening the mucus at the entrance to the uterus so sperm can't get through
- making it harder for sperm to reach and fertilise an egg
- making it harder for an egg to survive
- thinning the lining of the uterus
- stopping ovulation (the release of eggs from the ovaries) in some people
There are 2 brands of hormonal IUDs in Australia:
Kyleena has a lower dose of hormone than Mirena.
After having a hormonal IUD put in, you may need to use another form of contraception for 7 days. Check with your doctor or nurse about this.
Hormonal IUDs work for up to 5 years.
The copper IUD
The copper IUD is made of copper and plastic. It doesn't release any hormones.
The copper IUD works by:
- making it harder for sperm to reach and fertilise an egg
- making it harder for an egg to survive
- changing the lining of the uterus so that if an egg is fertilised, it can't implant
There are 2 brands of copper IUD on the market in Australia. They last for up to 10 years.
The copper IUD can be used as a type of emergency contraception. It must be put in within 5 days of unprotected sex.
How effective is the IUD at preventing pregnancy?
The IUD is a very effective method of contraception.
Less than 1 in 100 people using an IUD will become pregnant.
How is an IUD put in?
IUDs can only be put in by a specially trained doctor or nurse.
Getting an IUD put in, is a bit like having a cervical screening test.
You lie on your back and an instrument called a speculum is put in your vagina. Local anaesthetic can reduce your discomfort or pain.
For a couple of days after getting an IUD, you should avoid:
- using tampons or menstrual cups
- having sex
- having a bath
- swimming
You should check the IUD thread about once a month to make sure your IUD is still in place. You will be shown how to do this.
Find out more about having an IUD inserted.
Are there any side effects with IUDs?
After having an IUD put in, you may have cramps and bleeding for a few days.
Ongoing hormonal IUD side effects can include:
- ovarian cysts
- headaches
- mood changes
- weight gain
- breast tenderness
- lowered interest in sex
- acne
When should I see my doctor?
If you're concerned about side effects from your IUD, see your doctor.
See your doctor if you have cramps and bleeding for more than a few days after getting the IUD.
See your doctor straight away if you have:
- an unusual vaginal discharge
- pain in your lower tummy
- pain during sex
FIND A HEALTH SERVICE — The Service Finder can help you find doctors, pharmacies, hospitals and other health services.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of the IUD?
Advantages of both types of IUD.
- They are very good at stopping pregnancy.
- IUDs are easy to use and can stay in place for 5 to 10 years.
- IUDs are cost-effective.
- They can be used when breastfeeding.
- Your cycle and fertility return quickly when the IUD is removed.
Hormonal IUDs, especially the Mirena, can also help with heavy periods and period pain. Sometimes your periods may stop altogether.
IUDs also have disadvantages.
- They need to be put in by a doctor or nurse.
- Sometimes insertion can cause pain or discomfort, damage to the uterus and infection.
- An IUD can move out of place and sometimes come out by itself.
- Hormonal IUDs can cause side effects such as irregular vaginal bleeding or spotting.
- Copper IUDs can make periods heavier and longer and cause spotting.
- IUDs do not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
An IUD is not suitable for everyone. Talk to your doctor or local family planning clinic about whether an IUD is a good option for you.
ASK YOUR DOCTOR — Preparing for an appointment? Use the Question Builder for general tips on what to ask your GP or specialist.
How is an IUD taken out?
Getting your IUD taken out is quick. Your doctor or nurse will gently pull on the IUD string to take it out. The IUD's arms fold up so that it slips out.
Some women find it uncomfortable while others don't feel very much.
You can have a new IUD put in at the same visit. If you are changing to another type of contraception, talk to your doctor about your options.
Resources and support
Family Planning Australia has a set of fact sheets on contraception.
Health Translations links to information in English and other languages on:
- the hormone releasing IUD
- the copper IUD
You should talk to your health professional about the benefits and risks of getting a medical implant. Use the Therapeutic Goods Administration's guide on what to ask. This is available in English and other languages.
You can also call the healthdirect helpline on 1800 022 222 (known as NURSE-ON-CALL in Victoria). A registered nurse is available to speak with 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
Learn more here about the development and quality assurance of healthdirect content.
Last reviewed: April 2025
