Nose and throat

Your nose and throat are part of your respiratory system. Learn more about their functions and conditions that can affect your nose and throat.

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Laryngoscopy

A laryngoscopy is usually a safe and effective way of finding out if there is a problem with your larynx.

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Strep throat

Strep throat is an infection of the throat caused by bacteria called Streptococci. Learn more about what it is, and its symptoms, diagnosis and treatment.

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Throat cancer

Throat cancer can be treated if diagnosed early so you should see a doctor if you’re concerned. Learn about symptoms, diagnosis and treatment here.

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Throat diseases

Links to artciles about throat diseases.

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Sore throat (pharyngitis)

Pharyngitis is normally a symptom of a bacterial or viral infection and is common with a cold or flu. Here's how to care for a sore throat.

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Group A streptococcal disease

Group A streptococcal disease is a bacterial infection generally treated with antibiotics. Symptoms include a sore throat and skin sores. Learn more here.

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Tonsillitis

Tonsillitis is an infection and swelling of the tonsils at the back of the throat. Learn about its symptoms and treatments.

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Tracheostomy

A tracheostomy is performed to create a small opening in the front of the neck into the windpipe to allow breathing through the throat.

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Colds

A cold is a viral infection that affects the nose, the throat and upper airways. Find out more about the common cold.

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Choking

Choking occurs when something gets stuck in, and blocks, a person’s throat or windpipe. Find out what to do in this medical emergency.

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Oesophageal cancer

Oesophageal cancer develops in the ‘tube’ between the throat and the stomach. It’s a very serious condition and important to know the risk factors.

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Scarlet fever

Scarlet fever is a bacterial throat infection that usually affects primary school-aged children. Find out about its symptoms as well as treatments and preventions.

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Diphtheria

Diphtheria is a rare infectious bacterial disease that usually affects the nose and throat. Learn more about its vaccination, symptoms and how it spreads.

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Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA)

Obstructive sleep apnoea occurs when a person's throat is partly or completely blocked while they are asleep. Learn about symptoms and treatment here.

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Flu (influenza)

The flu is a viral infection affecting your nose, throat and sometimes your lungs. It is typically more severe than a cold. Find out more about the flu.

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Kaposi sarcoma

Kaposi sarcoma is usually found under the skin, or in the lining of the mouth, nose or throat, and is associated with HIV/AIDS. Find out why here.

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Cough

Most coughs are caused by viruses which inflame the throat, windpipe or lungs. Here are some tips to relieve a chesty, dry or persistent cough.

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Post-nasal drip

If your nose and sinuses are blocked up with mucus and you have a tickle in your throat you might have post-nasal drip. Find out more about post-nasal drip, and how you can treat and prevent it.

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Thyroid cancer

Thyroid cancer can, in most cases, be treated. Find out how it develops, what the symptoms are and when you should see a doctor.

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Surgery for cholesteatoma

A cholesteatoma is a sac of dead skin cells that forms in your middle ear, which can damage your ear and cause complications. Surgery is the only cure.

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Group B streptococcal disease

Group B streptococcal disease is a bacterial infection. A mother can pass it to her baby during childbirth, and if not treated it can be serious. Learn more.

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Tonsil stones

Tonsil stones are small lumps of hardened material that form in the tonsils when debris builds up. Learn about 'tonsilloliths' symptoms and treatment.

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Adeno-tonsillectomy (child)

If left untreated, tonsillitis can cause complications. Surgery is the only dependable way to stop tonsillitis that keeps on coming back.

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Tonsillectomy

A tonsillectomy is surgery to remove the tonsils. It is a safe procedure and is performed under general anaesthetic.

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Adenoidectomy

Adenoidectomy is the removal of the adenoids, small lumps of tissue at the back of the nose in children. The adenoids can cause problems if they get infected.

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Laryngitis

Laryngitis is an inflammation of the voice box (larynx) which causes you to sound hoarse or to lose your voice. You can find out more on our trusted partner pages.

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Ear diseases and disorders

Ear conditions may be caused by problems in the ear, the neck, sinuses or head. Babies and children are more vulnerable to ear infection. Learn more here.

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Nosebleed

Children often get nosebleeds, and this can make them quite distressed. However, most nosebleeds do not last very long and are very mild.

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Otitis media (middle ear infection)

Otitis media (middle ear infection) is common and often gets better by itself. Learn how to recognise the symptoms and when it might need treatment.

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