Thyroid gland

The thyroid is a soft bow-shaped gland which sits in the front of the neck, just below the Adam’s apple. Learn more about what they do and medical conditions related to them.

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Thyroidectomy

A thyroidectomy is the removal of all or part of the thyroid gland. It may be used to treat thyroid cancer or an enlarged or overactive thyroid.

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Hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroidism (or thyrotoxicosis) occurs when the thyroid gland is overactive. Learn more about common signs, symptoms and treatment options.

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Goitre

Goitre is a swelling at the base of your neck. It's caused by an enlarged thyroid gland. Find out more about causes, symptoms and treatments here.

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Graves' disease

In this autoimmune condition, the thyroid gland in the neck produces too much thyroid hormone that can cause tremor, anxiety, a racing heart, goitre and bulging eyes.

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Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) is when thyroid gland doesn't make enough thyroid hormone. See symptoms, diagnosis and treatment options here.

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Thyroidectomy for suspected cancer (nodule)

A thyroid lump can be caused by cancer. A thyroidectomy involves removing all or part of your thyroid gland. This gives you the best chance of being free of cancer, and helps your surgeon to decide if you need any further treatment.

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Thyroid function tests

Thyroid function tests are used to check for a number of thyroid problems. The tests usually include thyroid stimulating hormones (THSs) T4 and T3.

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Hashimoto's disease

Hashimoto's disease can cause your body to produce too little thyroid hormone. Find out more about its causes, symptoms and treatment.

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Total thyroidectomy (for thyrotoxicosis)

The thyroid is a gland in your neck that produces a hormone called thyroxine, which regulates your body's metabolism. The thyroid can become overactive, causing weight loss, sweatiness and eye problems.

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Thyroid cancer

Thyroid cancer can, in most cases, be treated. Find out how it develops, what the symptoms are and when you should see a doctor.

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Hormonal system

The hormonal system influences your metabolism, growth and many other functions. Learn more about what it is and conditions related to the hormonal system.

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Iodine deficiency

Iodine deficiency is the most common cause of thyroid disease and can even cause brain damage in babies. During pregnancy and breastfeeding, women should take iodine supplements. Learn more here.

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Thyroid problems

If your thyroid becomes overactive (hyperthyroidism) or underactive (hypothyroidism), you may experience a range of health problems. Learn more here.

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Endocrine glands and their hormones

The hormone system is the way in which one part of the body tells another part of the body to do something important. Find out more about different parts of the hormonal system.

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Iodine and your health

Iodine is essential for making proteins and for the growth of your bones and nerves. Here's how to get enough iodine in your diet.

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Tachycardia

Tachycardia is a condition where the heart beats at a faster rate than normal (usually more than 100 beats per minute).

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Parathyroid glands

The parathyroid glands are four small glands, each about the size of a grain of rice. Learn more about what they do and medical conditions related to them.

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What is an endocrinologist?

Endocrinologist is a specialist who treats people with conditions caused by problems with hormones. Learn how to find an endocrinologist and what to ask before your appointment.

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Pituitary gland

The pituitary gland makes different hormones, some that have direct effects on the body and others that control other endocrine glands.

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HTLV-1 infection

Human T-cell leukaemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a virus that infects T-cells, white blood cells that form part of the immune system. Learn more here.

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Williams syndrome

Williams syndrome can cause development, learning and medical problems, although children with it often have well-developed language and music skills.

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Acromegaly

Acromegaly causes parts of the body to grow larger and mostly affects people in middle age. It can be effectively treated, especially if diagnosed early.

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Atrial fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation (when part of the heart ‘quivers’ rather than beating normally) could lead to a stroke. Know the symptoms and decrease your risk.

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Lithium

Lithium is a medicine used to treat some mental illnesses, such as bipolar disorder. Learn about the risks and benefits of this mood-stabilising medication.

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Ultrasound

An ultrasound scan creates a real-time picture of the inside of the body using sound waves. Find out more about the different types of ultrasounds and when they are used.

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Feeling restless

Restlessness may affect you mentally or physically. If depression or anxiety are causing you to feel restless, here are some tips that may help.

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Peripheral neuropathy

Peripheral neuropathy is a type of nerve damage. It can cause pain, numbness or tingling in your arms and legs. Learn about some of the possible causes and treatments here.

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Erectile dysfunction

Erectile dysfunction, or impotence, means not being able to get or keep an erection that is sufficient for sexual intercourse. Many men have impotence at some time in their lives. It can come and go.

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Vitamins and minerals explained

Vitamins and minerals are necessary for the healthy functioning of our bodies. A balanced diet will meet most of your needs by the foods you eat.

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