Thyroid gland

The thyroid is a soft bow-shaped gland which sits in the front of the neck, just below the Adam’s apple. Learn more about what they do and medical conditions related to them.

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Thyroidectomy

A thyroidectomy is the removal of all or part of the thyroid gland. It may be used to treat thyroid cancer or an enlarged or overactive thyroid.

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Goitre

A goitre is an enlarged or swollen thyroid gland, the butterfly-shaped gland at the base of your neck.

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Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland does not make enough thyroid hormone. Learn about the symptoms, how it's diagnosed and treatment options.

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Hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroidism (sometimes called thyrotoxicosis) occurs when the thyroid gland is overactive. Learn more about hyperthyroidism, including the common signs and symptoms, and treatment options.

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Hashimoto's disease

Hashimoto's disease can cause your body to produce too little thyroid hormone. Find out more about its causes, symptoms and treatment.

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Causes of thyroid problems

The common causes of thyroid problems include autoimmune disease, certain medical treatments and inflammation of the thyroid. Learn more here.

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Iodine deficiency

Iodine deficiency is the most common cause of thyroid disease and can even cause brain damage in babies. During pregnancy and breastfeeding, women should take iodine supplements. Learn more here.

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Hormonal system

The hormonal system influences your metabolism, growth and many other functions. Learn more about what it is and conditions related to the hormonal system.

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Complications of thyroid problems

Thyroid problems can lead to many complications – like heart failure, nerve damage or infertility. Learn about the consequences of not treating these problems.

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Graves' disease

This condition causes the thyroid gland in the neck to produce too much thyroid hormone, and can eventually lead to goitre and bulging eyes.

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Thyroid function tests

Thyroid function tests are used to check for a number of thyroid problems. The tests usually include thyroid stimulating hormones (THSs) T4 and T3.

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Total thyroidectomy (for thyrotoxicosis)

The thyroid is a gland in your neck that produces a hormone called thyroxine, which regulates your body's metabolism. The thyroid can become overactive, causing weight loss, sweatiness and eye problems.

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Sub-total thyroidectomy (for thyrotoxicosis)

A thyroidectomy removes the gland that regulates your body's metabolism if it becomes overactive, causing weight-loss, sweatiness or eye problems.

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Thyroid cancer

Thyroid cancer can, in most cases, be treated. Find out how it develops, what the symptoms are and when you should see a doctor.

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Thyroid problems

If your thyroid becomes overactive (hyperthyroidism) or underactive (hypothyroidism), you may experience a range of health problems. Learn more here.

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Iodine

Iodine is essential for making proteins and the growth of your bones and nerves. Learn more about what you get in iodine and how much you need.

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Tachycardia

Tachycardia is a condition where the heart beats at a faster rate than normal (usually more than 100 beats per minute).

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Complications of coeliac disease

There are a number of medical conditions associated with coeliac disease. Find out about complications of coeliac disease.

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Heart failure

This is a condition where the heart struggles to pump enough blood. The diagnosis can be overwhelming, but it is possible to live with heart failure.

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What causes heart failure?

Often there is not one single cause of heart failure. There are a number of conditions that make it more likely that you will develop heart failure. Find out what can cause heart failure.

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Endocrine glands and their hormones

The hormone system is the way in which one part of the body tells another part of the body to do something important. Find out more about different parts of the hormonal system.

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What is an endocrinologist?

Endocrinologist is a specialist who treats people with conditions caused by problems with hormones. Learn how to find an endocrinologist and what to ask before your appointment.

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Pituitary gland

The pituitary gland makes different hormones, some that have direct effects on the body and others that control other endocrine glands.

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Parathyroid glands

The parathyroid glands are four small glands, each about the size of a grain of rice. Learn more about what they do and medical conditions related to them.

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HTLV-1 infection

Human T-cell leukaemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a virus that infects T-cells, white blood cells that form part of the immune system. Learn more here.

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Overview of autoimmune diseases

Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system attacks its own body. Learn more about the diagnosis and treatment of types such as Coeliac disease and lupus.

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Acromegaly

Acromegaly causes parts of the body to grow larger and mostly affects people in middle age. It can be effectively treated, especially if diagnosed early.

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Parathyroidectomy

Parathyroid glands can become overactive, causing an increase in the level of calcium in your blood. Surgery to remove any affected glands is the only reliable way to prevent long-term problems.

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What causes obesity?

In most people obesity is caused by eating too much and moving too little. Find out the causes of obesity.

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