Hyperglycaemia is having too much glucose (sugar) in the blood. This can happen for many reasons, such as:

• not having enough insulin or diabetes tablets
• being less active than usual
• eating too many carbohydrates at once, found in sugary foods and drinks, and other foods such as potatoes, bread and pasta
• being sick or taking other medicine
• being stressed
• having an infection (such as thrush, cystitis, wound infections)
• drinking too much alcohol

If you have hyperglycaemia, you might:

• feel thirsty
• feel tired
• need to pass urine frequently
• have blurred vision
• have an infection
• lose weight

If you have type 2 diabetes, an occasional high blood glucose level is not a problem. But if your blood glucose level remains high for a few days or if you are sick, contact your doctor or Credentialed Diabetes Educator.

If you have type 1 diabetes, it’s important that you act on hyperglycaemia. If not treated, a high blood sugar level can lead to a serious condition called diabetic ketoacidosis.

Here are some steps you can take if you find your blood sugar level is higher than it should be.

• Get plenty of rest.
• Contact your doctor or Credentialled Diabetes Educator for advice about increasing your dose of short acting insulin. You may also need extra doses of this insulin (e.g. 2-4 units every 2 hours).
• Check your urine for ketones if you have the necessary equipment. Always test using urine that you have just freshly passed, otherwise you may not get a true reading.
• Drink plenty of sugar-free, non-alcoholic fluids such as water to stay well hydrated. Try to avoid alcohol and drinks containing caffeine, such as cola, tea and coffee, as these can dehydrate you.
• Check your blood sugar level regularly to see if it is going down.

Contact your doctor or go to hospital if:

• vomiting is stopping you from drinking or eating
• your blood glucose levels remain high
• you find moderate to high levels of ketones in your urine