The ears are also important for balance and coordination.

Your ear has 3 parts — outer, middle and inner.

Ears and hearing

The outer ear is a flap of cartilage covered by skin. The outer ear funnels sound through the external (outer) ear canal to the middle ear.

The eardrum is a tiny membrane, almost like skin stretched very thin. The eardrum moves backwards and forwards in response to sound waves.

The vibrations of the middle ear cause tiny bones in the middle ear to vibrate. These bones are called the malleus, the incus and the stapes.

The vibrations in the bones of the middle ear cause vibrations in the cochlea, which is spiral-shaped like a snail's shell.

The cochlea transforms sound into nerve impulses. These travel to your brain, which turns the messages in the nerves into what we call hearing.

Other parts of the inner ear send information to your brain about balance and head position.

Your ears are connected to your nose and throat, which is why infections travel easily between these areas.

Ears and balance

You get your sense of balance from many parts of your body - your eyes, your muscles and joints, and your inner ear.

In your inner ear, there is a part known as the vestibular system. This has canals filled with fluid, and the fluid moves in different directions as your head moves. Sensors in your vestibular system tell your brain which way your head is moving.

Tips for healthy hearing

Loud noise can damage your inner ear and lead to irreversible hearing loss.

Damage can follow long-term exposure or a sudden loud noise.

To protect your hearing:

• Avoid loud sounds and noise.
• Protect your ears from loud noises (for example, loud concerts or gunshots) with earplugs or earmuffs.
• Give your ears intermittent rest from noise.
• Set the volume on your devices low enough that you can hear people talking to you.