Causes of narcissistic personality disorder (NPD)
2-minute read
As with many personality disorders, the exact cause of narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) is unknown. Biological vulnerabilities, early childhood experiences and psychological factors form a complex mixture and may all play a part.
Early childhood risk factors include:
- insensitive parenting
- over-praising and excessive pampering - when parents focus intensely on a particular talent or the physical appearance of their child as a result of their own self-esteem issues
- unpredictable or negligent care
- excessive criticism
- abuse
- trauma
- extremely high expectations.
Other possible factors include:
- genetic abnormalities impacting on psychobiology - the connection between brain and behaviour
- an over-sensitive temperament.
Although there is no one answer to the question of what causes NPD, professionals agree that the sooner treatment begins, the better a person's chance for an improved quality of life.
Where to get help
If you need help, talking to your doctor is a good place to start. If you’d like to find out more or talk to someone else, here are some organisations that can help:
- SANE Australia (people living with a mental illness) – call 1800 18 7263.
- beyondblue (anyone feeling depressed or anxious) – call 1300 22 4636 or chat online.
- Black Dog Institute (people affected by mood disorders) – online help.
- Lifeline (anyone having a personal crisis) – call 13 11 14 or chat online.
- Suicide Call Back Service (anyone thinking about suicide) – call 1300 659 467.
Last reviewed: December 2016
