What is a rotator cuff injury?

The rotator cuff is the group of four muscles and their tendons at your shoulder joint. They form a cuff around the head of the upper arm bone (the humerus). They keep the shoulder stable and help it move.

Rotator cuff injury can range from simple inflammation to tears of the muscles or tendons. It is also called rotator cuff syndrome, rotator cuff tear, rotator cuff tendonitis, and shoulder impingement syndrome.

What are the symptoms of a rotator cuff injury?

It is possible to have rotator cuff injury and not notice any symptoms.

When symptoms become noticeable they can include:

• pain and tenderness in the shoulder
• weakness of the shoulder
• pain when sleeping on the affected side
• numbness and tingling in the affected arm or hand
• restricted shoulder movement

What causes a rotator cuff injury?

The main causes of rotator cuff injury are:

• repetitive shoulder movement — from sports like tennis and jobs like painting
• overloading of the joint by heavy lifting
• an accident, such as a fall
• poor posture
• general wear and tear with age

How is a rotator cuff injury diagnosed?

Many things can cause shoulder pain and your shoulder joint is complex. So diagnosing rotator cuff injury can be challenging.

Your doctor will probably ask you about your symptoms, examine you, and ask you to do specific arm movements to see if these cause any difficulty or pain. In some cases, imaging such as x-ray, ultrasound or MRI may also be done.

How is a rotator cuff injury treated?

Most cases of rotator cuff injury can be treated by:

• avoiding repetitive overhead tasks and lifting away from the body
• managing your pain using pain killers, anti-inflammatory drugs and, in some cases, corticosteroid injections
• treatment such as physiotherapy

If you have a severe injury, surgery may be an option.