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Tourette syndrome

8-minute read

Key facts

  • Tourette syndrome causes tics, which are sudden movements or sounds you cannot control.
  • Tics may include blinking, shrugging, throat clearing or saying words or phrases.
  • It often starts in childhood and is more common in boys than girls.
  • Genetics, brain differences and immune factors may play a role in causing Tourette syndrome.
  • There is no cure for Tourette syndrome, but treatment with medicines can improve symptoms.

What is Tourette syndrome?

Tourette syndrome is a lifelong condition that affects the nervous system, causing tics. Tics are sudden movements (motor tics) or sounds (phonic tics) that a person cannot control.

It often begins in childhood and is more common in boys than girls. Some people with Tourette syndrome also have other conditions. For example, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

There is no cure for Tourette syndrome, but some people find the tics improve as they enter adulthood.

What are the symptoms of Tourette syndrome?

Tourette syndrome is characterised by tics. Tics are sudden movements or sounds that a person cannot control. The type of tics and their characteristics can vary widely between people:

Less commonly, some people may make inappropriate gestures or say inappropriate words.

Many people experience discomfort or a strong urge before a tic, which resolves after the tic happens.

Tics may improve when you are focused on a task. Some people can stop their tics for a short time.

Sometimes, tics may cause harm, for example, if your tic makes you hit or scratch yourself or someone else.

CHECK YOUR SYMPTOMS — Use the Symptom Checker and find out if you need to seek medical help.

What causes Tourette syndrome?

The exact cause of Tourette syndrome is not fully understood. It is likely caused by a mix of genetic (inherited), brain and immune factors:

Your tics may get worse if you:

When should I see my doctor?

You should see your doctor if you or your child has symptoms of Tourette syndrome. Also see your doctor if you have tics that:

It's also important to see a doctor if you have concerns about other conditions, such as ADHD or OCD.

FIND A HEALTH SERVICE — The Service Finder can help you find doctors, pharmacies, hospitals and other health services.

How is Tourette syndrome diagnosed?

To diagnose Tourette syndrome, your doctor will ask about and observe your symptoms. They will also ask about your medical history and family health history.

Your doctor may:

There are no specific blood tests or scans to diagnose Tourette syndrome. Your doctor may use a tool, such as a tic severity scale, to measure how tics affect your life.

ASK YOUR DOCTOR — Preparing for an appointment? Use the Question Builder for general tips on what to ask your GP or specialist.

How is Tourette syndrome treated?

Tourette syndrome can be treated with therapy, medicine or a mix of both. Treatment depends on how severe your tics are and if you have other conditions, such as ADHD or OCD.

Treatment may include:

Living with Tourette syndrome

Living with Tourette syndrome can be challenging. Understanding the condition and having the right support can make a big difference. Here are tips that may help you:

What are the complications of Tourette syndrome?

If you, or someone you know, is having suicidal thoughts and is in immediate danger, call triple zero (000). For help and support, call Lifeline on 13 11 14.

Tourette syndrome may lead to complications, such as:

Can Tourette syndrome be prevented?

There is no known way to prevent Tourette syndrome.

Early recognition and getting the right help can make symptoms easier to manage and improve your quality of life.

Resources and support

Tourette Syndrome Association of Australia offers:

You can also call the healthdirect helpline on 1800 022 222 (known as NURSE-ON-CALL in Victoria). A registered nurse is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.

Other languages

Health Translations offers translated information about Tourette Syndrome.

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