Toilet training
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Last reviewed: July 2016
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Toilet training
Being ready is the key to toilet training your toddler. Toilet training your toddler may take time and patience. This is a significant developmental step for your toddler.
Read more on Karitane website
Toilet training
Most children are ready for potty training between two and three years of age. Find out whether your child is ready with these helpful toilet training tips.
Read more on Pregnancy, Birth & Baby website
Parenting and Child Health - Health Topics - Toilet training
Learning to use the toilet is an important milestone for toddlers. It is a big step as they learn to understand their bodys signals and start being responsible for their own bodies.
Read more on Women's and Children's Health Network website
Toilet training and potty training guide | Raising Children Network
Toilet training its a big step. Our practical guide tells you when to start, what to do and how to handle toilet training and potty training problems. Article available in: Arabic, Dari, Karen, Persian, Simplified Chinese, Vietnamese
Read more on Raising Children Network website
Toddler care basics and toilet training | Raising Children Network
An in-a-nutshell guide to daily care offering an overview of toilet training, teeth care and sun care for toddlers
Read more on Raising Children Network website
Toddler Advice & Tips | Tresillian
Find toddler tips from Tresillian on topics such as toilet training boys and girls, dealing with fussy eaters, childcare, tantrums and promoting positive behaviour. Tresillian is Australias leading early parenting provider.
Read more on Tresillian website
Soiling Children Continence Foundation of Australia
Continence Foundation of Australia
Read more on Continence Foundation of Australia website
Parenting and Child Health - Health Topics - Bedwetting
Most children are toilet trained during the day by about three years of age but many still wet the bed at night until around five. Night-time bladder control is not something children can learn like they can with day-time toilet training. It usually happens naturally as their body matures.
Read more on Women's and Children's Health Network website
Parenting and Child Health - Health Topics - Soiling
Soiling (doing poo in the pants or leaking poo into the pants) becomes a problem if it goes on after the child is about four years of age. This is sometimes called encopresis. This is more likely to happen in boys than girls. It is usually happens with long-term constipation.
Read more on Women's and Children's Health Network website
Faecal incontinence in children (encopresis) - myDr.com.au
Children with encopresis are not soiling their underwear deliberately, and they should receive medical help.
Read more on myDr website
Found 10 results
Behavioural interventions for the treatment of faecal incontinence in children | Cochrane
Children with "faecal incontinence" cannot control their bowel movements and so they soil their underwear. Sometimes people use the word "soiling" or "encopresis" to mean the same thing. Faecal incontinence can be caused by either physical or psychological problems. The term "organic faecal incontinence" is used when faecal incontinence is due to a physical damage or abnormality whilst "functional faecal incontinence" is used when faecal incontinence is caused by non-organic/psychological factors. Behavioural interventions (toilet training, rewards) are used to reduce children's anxiety and to restore normal bowel habits. Biofeedback is a technique that can be used to teach children how to control the muscles around their back passage.
Read more on Cochrane (Australasian Centre) website
Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment for urinary incontinence in women | Cochrane
Stress incontinence is the involuntary leakage of urine with a physical activity such as coughing or sneezing. Urgency leakage occurs with a strong need to urinate, but the person cannot make it to the toilet in time. A combination of stress and urgency leakage is called mixed incontinence.
Read more on Cochrane (Australasian Centre) website
Complex behavioural and educational interventions for bedwetting (nocturnal enuresis) in children | Cochrane
Night-time bedwetting is common in childhood, and can cause stigma, stress and inconvenience. Bed alarms are the treatments which currently appear to work best in the long term. Complex interventions such as dry bed training can also be tried. This involves, as well as using an alarm to wake the child after he or she has wet the bed, getting them to go to the toilet repeatedly and changing their own sheets. The review found 18 trials in 1174 children who had received this sort of training or another treatment. Although an alarm on its own was better than the dry bed training on its own, there was some evidence that using them together might reduce the relapse rate after stopping alarm treatment, and without the adverse effects of drug treatment. However, both using an alarm and dry bed training needs time and effort from the child and family. There was not enough research comparing complex interventions with other techniques.
Read more on Cochrane (Australasian Centre) website
Pelvic floor muscle training added to another active treatment versus the same active treatment alone for urinary incontinence in women | Cochrane
Pelvic floor muscle training added to another active treatment versus the same active treatment alone for urinary incontinence in women
Read more on Cochrane (Australasian Centre) website
Alarm interventions for nocturnal enuresis (bedwetting) in children | Cochrane
Night-time bedwetting is common in childhood, and can cause stigma, stress and inconvenience. The review of trials found 56 studies involving 3257 children. Alarm interventions reduce night-time bed wetting in about two thirds of children during treatment, and about half the children remained dry after stopping using the alarm. Alarms take longer to reduce bedwetting than desmopressin, but their effects continue after treatment in half the children who use alarms. So alarms are better in the long term than treatment with desmopressin or tricyclic drugs. Overlearning (giving children extra fluids at bedtime after successfully becoming dry using an alarm) and dry bed training (getting children to go to the toilet repeatedly and changing their own sheets when they wet) may reduce the relapse rate. There are no serious side-effects, which can occur with drug treatment. However, children need more supervision and time from other family members at first. There was not enough evidence with which to compare alarms with other non-drug treatments. Because some of the studies were of poor quality, better research comparing alarms with other treatments is needed, including follow-up to measure relapse rates.
Read more on Cochrane (Australasian Centre) website
Which anticholinergic drug for overactive bladder symptoms in adults | Cochrane
Many adults have symptoms of overactive bladder. A person with overactive bladder syndrome feels a very strong urge to pass urine and they may not make it to the toilet before they leak urine. Other common problems are a feeling of needing to urinate often during the day or night, or both. This problem seems to be caused by an overactive bladder muscle, and it becomes more common with ageing. Treatments are conservative measures, such as bladder training or drugs. Anticholinergic drugs can reduce the overactivity of the bladder muscle and the feeling of urgency. The review found that there are several anticholinergic drugs prescribed for adults with overactive bladder symptoms. The two most studied drugs are oxybutynin and tolterodine. These two drugs have similar effects but, on average, those taking oxybutynin were more likely to withdraw from the studies because of adverse effects, mainly dry mouth. However, both drugs can give dry mouth and this problem is less likely if an extended release formulation of either drug is used. Two newer drugs are solifenacin and fesoterodine. Solifenacin has a better effect and less risk of dry mouth compared to tolterodine. Fesoterodine has a better effect than extended release tolterodine but withdrawal from studies due to adverse effects and dry mouth was more likely.
Read more on Cochrane (Australasian Centre) website
Social Phobia
Social phobia, the fear of being judged negatively, is often not recognised because patients do not like to talk about their fears. It is also not recognized because clinicians either confuse it with shyness, or judge the secondary depression or substance dependence to be the primary disorder.
Read more on CRUfAD – Clinical Research Unit for Anxiety and Depression website
Review of the impact of housing and health-related infrastructure on Indigenous health Reviews Physical environment Determinants Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet
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Read more on Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet website
Menstrual issues for women with intellectual disability | Issue 2 | Volume 39 | Australian Prescriber
The approach to menstrual management in girls with intellectual disabilities should be the same as it is for other girls.
Read more on Australian Prescriber website
Paediatric urinary incontinence | Issue 6 | Volume 37 | Australian Prescriber
Urinary incontinence, both in the day and at night, is common in school-aged children and can be very distressing for children and their families. An...
Read more on Australian Prescriber website
