What are orthodontic treatments?

Orthodontic treatments help to straighten your teeth and correct problems with your bite.

An orthodontist, who is a specialist dentist, does these treatments. Many general dentists also provide some orthodontic treatments.

Orthodontists treat children, teenagers and adults.

When do I need orthodontic treatment?

You might need orthodontic treatment for:

• crooked teeth or teeth that stick out
• a bad bite — which is how your upper and lower jaws meet when your mouth closes
• a poorly aligned jaw
• crowded teeth
• gaps between your teeth or missing teeth
• having different teeth on the left and right side of your mouth
• problems with speaking, breathing or chewing

An orthodontist can also check your child's developing teeth and jaws. They can help manage thumb or finger-sucking habits.

Your dentist will advise when your child should see an orthodontist.

Do I need a referral to see an orthodontist?

You don't need a referral to see a private orthodontist. For public treatment you may need a referral.

You can make an appointment by calling an orthodontist.

You can use the Orthodontics Australia website to search for an orthodontist.

What happens during orthodontic treatment?

The orthodontist will talk to you and examine your mouth and face. They will:

• take x-rays
• make plaster or digital models of your teeth

They will talk to you about a treatment plan. Treatment often involves using braces or an aligner to straighten crooked teeth or to correct problems with your bite.

There are many different types of braces, including the traditional metal type. Other types are:

• clear or tooth-coloured braces
• braces worn on the inside surface of your teeth
• clear, removable 'aligners'

Wearing braces might feel strange in the beginning. If your discomfort doesn't get better, tell your orthodontist. They might be able to make some adjustments.

An aligner is an alternative to traditional braces. Clear aligners are thin plastic trays that are worn over your teeth to straighten them. Aligners are clear but not invisible.

Aligners are custom made for each person. Ask your dentist or orthodontist if clear aligners are suitable for you. It may depend on how much correction is needed to straighten your teeth.

How long does orthodontic treatment take?

Treatment usually takes about 1 to 3 years. You will need to see your orthodontist regularly for check-ups. Each appointment takes 30 to 60 minutes.

You may need to wear a retainer after your braces are removed. This is a device that helps keep your teeth in position. This is because teeth tend to move back to their original position over time.

You might only need the retainer device at night, or it might be worn all the time. You can discuss this with the orthodontist.

How much does orthodontic treatment cost?

The cost of treatment will vary depending on your situation. Ask your orthodontist how much it will cost, so that you know what to expect.

It's a good idea to check that the price you are given includes:

• pre-treatment assessment
• regular consultations and any emergency appointments
• x-rays and digital scans of your teeth
• a custom mould or digital model of your teeth and bite
• orthodontic appliances and other care items such as orthodontic wax and elastics
• post-treatment retainers
• follow up reviews

If you have health insurance, it may cover some of your costs.

What are the benefits and risks of orthodontic treatment?

Orthodontic treatment can help improve your appearance and bite. It can also help if you have problems with speaking, breathing and chewing.

Having straight teeth can:

• stop damage from a bad bite
• stop tooth wear
• improve the health of your mouth

As with anything new, it may take you some time to adjust to wearing braces or an aligner. You will also need to learn how to care for and clean your braces or aligner.

Orthodontic treatment is not suitable if you have unhealthy teeth and gums.

When you first start treatment, you may experience some:

• toothache or mild discomfort
• scratches and ulcers inside your mouth

If you have braces, it's very important to:

• clean your teeth properly
• avoid too much sugary food
• avoid too much soft drink

If you don't follow the care and cleaning advice you may get white spots on your teeth or tooth decay.

However, your orthodontist will check your teeth regularly, so they can address any problems quickly.

Can I do my own orthodontic treatment?

Some companies mail tooth straightening kits directly to you without a visit to a dentist or orthodontist. This is called do-it-yourself (DIY) or direct to consumer orthodontics.

However, there are risks to doing your own treatment. Poorly done orthodontic treatment can damage your teeth, gums, and jaw joints.

You should always have treatment by a qualified dentist or orthodontist. They will do a full assessment before starting treatment and provide regular check-ups.

Resources and support

Talk to your dentist or orthodontist about the benefits and risks of any procedure or treatment.

Find out more about caring for your teeth and braces at Teeth.org.au.

Read all about braces, aligners and retainers at Orthodontics Australia.

Find out about public dental health clinics provided by the Australian Government.

You can also call the healthdirect helpline on 1800 022 222 (known as NURSE-ON-CALL in Victoria). A registered nurse is available to speak with you 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.