Bone diseases
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Follow the links below to find trusted information about bone diseases.
Last reviewed: May 2018
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Renal osteodystrophy (kidney bone disease) information | myVMC
Renal osteodystrophy refers to changes in bone due to chronic kidney failure or kidney disease. It is characterised by abnormal bone mineral levels.
Read more on myVMC – Virtual Medical Centre website
Osteogenesis imperfecta (brittle bone disease) information | myVMC
Brittle bone disorder or osteogenesis imperfecta is actually a connective tissue disorder, resulting from the defective synthesis of type 1 collagen.
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Osteoporosis (brittle bone diseases) information video | myVMC
Osteoporosis is a condition of reduced bone density or bone mass which causes brittle bones that break easily. Calcium and vitamin D protect bone health.
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Hypophosphatasia information | myVMC
Hypophosphatasia is an inherited bone diseases that causes skeletal deformation in children. In severe cases it causes infant death within weeks.
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Rickets - Better Health Channel
Rickets is a preventable childhood bone disease caused by a lack of vitamin D.
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Bone markers - Lab Tests Online AU
How and why Bone Markers are used
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Pagets disease (osteitis deformans) information | myVMC
Paget's disease is a bone disorder characterised by enlarged, thickened bones. Structurally abnormal and brittle, the bones are painful and fracture easily.
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Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide
Perthes disease is the name applied to a condition affecting the upper end, or head, of the thigh bone (femur), where it enters into the formation of the hip joint. In this condition, the growing part of the head of the bone goes through a series of changes, in which it softens, breaks up into fragments, and then gradually re-forms. It is not contagious.
Read more on Women's and Children's Health Network website
Fibrous dysplasia (bone disorder) information | myVMC
Fibrous dysplasia is a skeletal disorder characterised by deformed bones. Bones expand due to abnormal growth of fibrous or connective tissues in the bones.
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Paget's disease of bone - myDr.com.au
Paget's disease of bone is characterised by repeated episodes of increased bone resorption followed by excessive attempts at repair.
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Interventions for metabolic bone disease in children with chronic kidney disease | Cochrane
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) resulting in reduced kidney function and the need for dialysis and kidney transplant is associated with abnormalities in serum calcium and phosphorus levels leading to high levels of the parathyroid hormone (PTH) and to bone disease. This may result in bone deformities, bone pain, fractures and reduced growth rates. Commonly used treatments (vitamin D compounds and phosphate binders) aim to prevent or correct these outcomes. However, these treatments may raise levels of blood calcium, allow calcium and phosphorus deposition in blood vessels and lead to early cardiovascular disease, which is known to be a problem in adults with CKD.
Read more on Cochrane (Australasian Centre) website
Interventions for bone disease in children with chronic kidney disease | Cochrane
Read more on Cochrane (Australasian Centre) website
Interventions for preventing bone disease in kidney transplant recipients | Cochrane
Recipients of a kidney transplants have a pre-existing increase in bone fragility resulting from kidney disease. Bone mineral density decreases rapidly in the first year after engraftment and there is continued bone loss through the period of transplantation. The incidence of fracture following successful transplantation is greater than 2% per annum. Bone loss and fracture risk are significantly higher than both the general and dialysis population. This study examines the benefits and risks of treatments used to reduce bone disease following kidney transplantation. Twenty-four trials (12,99 patients) were included. No individual intervention (bisphosphonate, vitamin D sterol or calcitonin) has been shown in randomised controlled trials to reduce fracture risk after kidney transplantation. Meta analysis of all available such trials combined, however, shows that any intervention (bisphosphonate, vitamin D sterol, or calcitonin) for bone disease in kidney transplant recipients does reduce the risk of fracture in this population. These agents also provide a significant improvement in bone mineral density when given after transplantation, although the clinical significance of this is uncertain due to the lack of validation in bone densitometry in chronic kidney disease. Bisphosphonates have greater efficacy to preserve bone mineral density than vitamin D sterols in head-to-head trials.
Read more on Cochrane (Australasian Centre) website
Phosphate binders for preventing and treating bone disease in chronic kidney disease patients | Cochrane
People with chronic kidney disease (CKD) develop impaired excretion of the dietary phosphorus. This results in a condition known as mineral and bone disorder in chronic kidney disease (CKD-MBD). CKD-MBD is characterized by high bone turnover, increased musculoskeletal morbidity including bone pain and muscle weakness, and vascular calcification which may contribute to the high incidence of cardiovascular disease and associated deaths. Several agents such as phosphate binders, vitamin D compounds, and calcimimetics are widely used to slow the development and progression of CKD-MBD complications.
Read more on Cochrane (Australasian Centre) website
Bisphosphonate therapy for osteogenesis imperfecta | Cochrane
Read more on Cochrane (Australasian Centre) website
Meditation for adults with haematological malignancies | Cochrane
Cancers of the bone marrow, lymphatic tissue and blood are considered as haematological malignancies. The most common types of haematological malignancies are lymphoma, leukaemia and myeloma but they also include myelodysplastic syndromes or myeloproliferative diseases. Within each type of disease there are various sub-divisions. There are several treatment options depending on the type and severity of the cancer. The most common therapies are chemotherapy, radiotherapy or a combination of both. In some cases, stem cell transplantation is offered (this is where either the patient's own bone marrow cells or cells of another person are implanted in the patient's body after aggressive chemotherapy). Those suffering from haematological cancers may have serious symptoms, and treatments often cause severe and distressing side effects.
Read more on Cochrane (Australasian Centre) website
Alkylating agents for Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia | Cochrane
Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia (WM) is an uncommon B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder characterised by bone marrow infiltration and production of monoclonal immunoglobulin. It is a kind of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma which can lead to death. Alkylating agents are believed to be effective in treatment of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia for alleviating symptoms and elongating survival time. The review authors found one randomised controlled trial with 92 participants that considered fludarabine was superior to the alkylating agents-containing regimen for pretreated/relapsed patients with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia.
Read more on Cochrane (Australasian Centre) website
Are changes to diet effective to manage mineral and bone abnormalities in people with chronic kidney disease? | Cochrane
Are changes to diet effective to manage mineral and bone abnormalities in people with chronic kidney disease?
Read more on Cochrane (Australasian Centre) website
Inhaled corticosteroid effects on bone metabolism in asthma and mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | Cochrane
Inhaled corticosteroid effects on bone metabolism in asthma and mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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Processed versus fresh frozen bone for repairing the bone in revision hip surgery | Cochrane
This summary of a Cochrane review presents what we know from research about the advantages and disadvantages of using fresh frozen bone or processed bone for repairing the hip bone during surgery.
Read more on Cochrane (Australasian Centre) website
