Amblyopia (lazy eye)

3-minute read

Key facts

Amblyopia occurs when eye develops abnormally in early life — the weak, or ‘lazy’, eye often wanders inwards or outwards.
If left untreated, amblyopia can lead to permanent vision loss in the affected eye.
You should take your child to your doctor if they show any signs of amblyopia, such as eyes that don’t seem to 'work together'.
There are many treatment options for amblyopia, including glasses, contacts, an eye patch and surgery.
Amblyopia can return after treatment, so it's important to continue monitoring your child's condition.

What is amblyopia?

Amblyopia is a condition where one eye develops abnormally in early life. The weak, or 'lazy', eye often wanders inwards or outwards. In rare cases, both eyes can be affected. If left untreated, amblyopia can lead to permanent vision loss in the affected eye.

The condition usually occurs in children between birth and age 7 and is the leading cause of decreased vision in one eye in children. Amblyopia is more common in small or premature babies, or children with a family history of the condition.

What are the symptoms of amblyopia?

Signs that your child might have amblyopia include:

eyes that don't seem to 'work together'
an eye that wanders inwards or outwards
squinting or shutting one eye
head tilting
poor depth perception

See a doctor if you notice your baby’s eye wandering in their alignment any time after the first few weeks following birth. It is also a good idea to have your child’s eyes tested before they start school.

What causes amblyopia?

Amblyopia develops when one eye receives weaker visual signals in early life. Because the brain receives these fewer visual signals, it starts to ignore input from that eye and so the eyes do not work together properly.

Amblyopia can be caused by anything that blurs a child's vision or causes crossed eyes. Common causes include:

an imbalance in the muscles that position the eyes (known as strabismus)
a difference in the sharpness of vision between the eyes
an imperfection on the surface of the eye (astigmatism)
any problem with one eye, such as a cloudy area in the lens (cataract)

How is amblyopia diagnosed?

Amblyopia is diagnosed using an eye test given by a doctor, community nurse, optometrist or ophthalmologist.

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How is amblyopia treated?

The earlier treatment starts, the better the outcome. This is because it is important to correct amblyopia while the connections between the eyes and the brain are forming.

The type of treatment will depend on the cause of amblyopia and whether it is affecting your child's vision. Some options include:

glasses or contact lenses to correct conditions such as near-sightedness, far-sightedness and astigmatism
an eye patch over the stronger eye to stimulate the weaker eye
a special filter to blur the vision of the stronger eye and stimulate the weaker eye
eye drops to blur the vision of the stronger eye
surgery if your child's eyes are wandering, or to correct cataracts or droopy eyelids

The treatment usually works within several weeks or months, although it can continue for up to 2 years.

Amblyopia can return in 25 per cent of cases (1 in 4 cases). It’s therefore important to continue to monitor your child’s eyes after the treatment stops.